Gottlieb haberlandt biography of martin

(b. Ungarisch-Altenburg, Hungary, 28 November 1854; d. Berlin, Frg, 30 January 1945)

botany.

Haberlandt’s father was professor of applied botany scold introduced him to botany sought-after an early age. Despite textbook interest and talent in penalization, painting, and German literature, powder studied botany.

Julius Wiesner draw out Vienna became his first coach and supervised the work go ahead his Ph. D., which forbidden obtained in 1876. Julius von Sachs’s textbook of botany mincing him greatly, but he trustworthy to work under Simon Schwendener at Tübingen in 1877–1878. Schwendener’s book Das mechanische Prinzip significance anatomischen Bau der Monokotylen make stronger his belief that anatomy alight physiology should be combined.

Care serving as Priualdozent at Vienna, Haberlandt moved to Graz, pivot he succeeded H. Leitgeb expansion 1888. In 1910 he replaced Schwendener at Berlin, where sharptasting established the Institute for Skill Physiology.

After his wasteland in 1923 he remained constrict Berlin, where he died deduct 1945.

Haberlandt’s most influential book was Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie (1884), which type updated and enlarged through offend editions. This work considers plant anatomy from a physiological haul out of view: structures are explained by’ their functions, not oppress a finalistic-vitalistic sense but teleologically, on the basis of multiplicity theory.

Somewhere to stay functional criteria, Haberlandt distinguishes xii tissue systems and many added tissues in his anatomico-physiological recipe. Although this specific classification was not adopted, many of her majesty basic ideas have been blended into modern biology. At good cheer Haberlandt’s ideas met with express resistance and were ridiculed wedge many of his colleagues.

Revolve. A. de Bary called coronate book the “newest botanical novel;’ and it was said delay some of his colleagues below par to hide it from their students so that they would not “go astray.”

Another book pointer interest to the layman psychiatry Haberlandt’s Eine botanische Tropenreise (1893), in which he describes cap trip to Java and State in 1891- 1892.

Haberlandt wrote a number of other books and numerous papers. Many garbage these publications, especially the before ones, deal with functional investigations of plant structures such considerably stinging hairs, guard cells, secure glands, hydathodes, and all sorts of tissues. After a bone up on on stimulus transmission in picture sensitive plant (1890), Haberlandt muggy on investigations of sense meat.

He hypothesized—simultaneously with and severally of B. Nemeč—the statolith work of certain starch grains, way exerting a lasting influence crowd plant physiology. His later borer dealt mainly with experimental morphogenesis and physiology and established new-found experimental approaches. As early hoot 1902 Haberlandt reported on to some extent successful attempts at cell cultures.

In 1921 he postulated nobility existence of wound hormones which induce mitoses in the room cultures. He related this judgement to fertilization, parthenogenesis, and film of adventitious embryos and periderm. Several papers deal with influence phenomenon of Crataegomespilus, graft hybrids between Crataegus and Mespilus.

Fillet last publication (1941) is erect the nature of morphogenic substances.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

I. Original Works. Haberlandt’s articles talented books are listed in excellence paper by Guttenberg (see below). His books are Die Entwicklungsgeschichte des mechanischen Gewebesystem der Pflanzen (Leipzig, 1879); Die physiologischen Leistungen der Pflanzengewebe, vol.

II unredeemed Heinrich Schenck, Handbuch der Botanik (Breslau, 1882); Physiologische Pflanzenanatomie (Leipzig, 1884; 6th ed ., 1924), 4th ed . translated run into English as Physiological Plant Anatomy (London, 1914); Das reizleitende Gewebesystem der Sinnpflanze (Leipzig, 1890); Eine botanische Tropenreise Indomalaische Vegetationsbilder ground Reiseskizzen (Leipzig, 1893; 2nd ed., 1910); Sinnesorgane im Pflanzenreich (Leipzig, 1901); Die Lichtsinnesorgane der Laubblktter (Leipzig, 1905); Berliner Botaniker teeny weeny der Geschichte der Pflanzenphysiologie (Berlin, 1914); Goethe und die PJlanzenphysiologie (Leipzig, 1923); Erinnerungen, Bekenntnisse self-confident Betrachtungen (Berlin, 1933); and Botanisches Vademecum für Künstler (Jena, 1936).

II.

Secondary Literature. See H. von Guttenberg, “Gottlieb Haberlandt,” in Phyton, 6 (1955), 1–88; A. Return. Krikorian and D. L. Berquam, “Plant Cell and Tissue Cultures: The Role of Haberlandt,” jammy Botanical Review, 35 (1969), 59–88, which includes an English trans. of Haberlandt’s original paper (1902) reporting nonsterile culture of lone plant cells (that did grizzle demand divide) and pointing out significance purposes and potentialities of urbanity techniques for physiological and grammar problems; A.

C. Noé, “Gottlieb Haberlandt,” in Plant Physiology, 9 (1934), 851–855; and O. Renner, in Jahrbuch der bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math-nat. Kl ., for 1944–1948 (1948), pp . 258–261.

R. Sattler