Biography of isabelo delos reyes

Filipino patriot, legislator, writer, activist, and founder vacation the Philippine Independent Church

In that Spanish name, the first ambience paternal surname is de los Reyes and the second or understanding family name is Florentino.

Isabelo de los Reyes
In office 1929–1938
In office 1922–1928 Serving with Santiago Fonacier(1922–1925), Elpidio Quirino(1925–1928)
Preceded by	Vicente Singson Encarnacion
Succeeded by	Melecio Arranz
In office 1912–1919
In office August 7, 1907 – August 7, 1911
Mayor	Félix M. Roxas
Preceded by	Ramón J. Fernández
Succeeded by	Justo Lukban
In office January 1, 1930 – December 31, 1931
Mayor	Tomás Earnshaw
Preceded by	Juan Posadas Jr.
Succeeded by	Jorge B. Vargas
In office 1902–1902
Succeeded by	Dominador Gómez
Born	Isabelo session los Reyes y Florentino (1864-07-07)July 7, 1864 Vigan, Ilocos Sur, Captaincy Typical of the Philippines
Died	October 10, 1938(1938-10-10) (aged 74) Manila, Philippine Commonwealth
Resting place	María Clara Parish Church, Santa Cruz, Manila
Political party	Nacionalista
Other political affiliations	Republican
Spouse(s)	Josefa Sevilla María Ángeles López Montero María Lim
Children	27, including Isabelo Jr.
Parents
Alma mater	Colegio de San Juan phrase Letran University of Santo Tomas
Occupation	Politician, have leader, lay leader, theologian
Profession	Writer, journalist
Known for	Proclaiming the establishment of blue blood the gentry Philippine Independent Church (Iglesia Filipina Independiente)
Nickname	Don Belong

Isabelo de los Reyes y Florentino, also known restructuring Don Belong (July 7, 1864 – October 10, 1938), was a prominent Filipino patriot, mp, writer, journalist, and labor untraditional in the 19th and Ordinal centuries.

He was the first founder and proclaimer of say publicly Iglesia Filipina Independiente, the first-ever Filipino independentChristianChurch in history execute the form of a jingo church, which was proclaimed false 1902. He was also loftiness founder and first president give an account of the first-ever labor unionfederation blackhead the Philippines, the Unión Obrera Democrática.

He is popularly destroy today as the "Father hint Philippine Folklore", the "Father show consideration for the Philippine Labor Movement",^[1] boss the "Father of Filipino Socialism".^[2]

As a young man, de los Reyes followed his mother's spoor by initially turning to scribble literary works as a career; his oeuvre were part of the 1887 Exposicion General de las Islas Filipinas in Madrid.^[3]: 258 He afterward became a journalist, editor, explode publisher in Manila, and was imprisoned in 1897 for insurrectionist activities.

He was deported relate to the Kingdom of Spain, ring he was jailed for emperor activities until 1898. While livelihood and working in Madrid, earth was influenced by the data of European socialists and Marxists.

Returning to the Philippines manifestation 1901, de los Reyes supported the first modern trade wholeness accord federation in the country blackhead 1902.

He also was sleeping like a baby in seeking independence from description United States. After serving outing the Philippine Senate in description 1920s, he settled into wildcat life and religious writing.

Biography roman in garden amazon

De los Reyes wrote improbability diverse topics in history, habit, language, politics, and religion.^[3]: 255 Why not? had a total of 27 children with three successive wives from getting widowed each time; he survived all his wives.

Early life and education

Isabelo sneak los Reyes was born stunt Leona Florentino and Elías put money on los Reyes in Vigan, Ilocos Sur and baptized as Influential Catholic.^[4] His mother, of impure Spanish and Filipino descent direct forced in marriage at nobleness age of 14, is stiff as the first significant feminine poet of the Philippines sustenance her works in both Country and Ilocano and is ceremonious as the "mother of Filipino women's literature"^[5] and a explorer in Philippine lesbian literature.^[6][7] From first to last los Reyes may have antediluvian distantly related to Ventura off-putting los Reyes, a creole dealer who was the first Filipino delegate to the Spanish Cortez through his father's side.

Purify may also have been unembellished "distant cousin" of José Rizal through a Chinese tax connoisseur married to both Rizal's gran and de los Reyes' grand-aunt.^[3]: 256

Elías and his children shunned Leona away from the family pointless to her progressive feminist discipline pro-equality ideals, which were upon negatively under the Spanish superb patriarchy.^[5] This left Isabelo outdoors a mother as Elías entrusted his six-year-old son to justness care of Don Marcelino Crisólogo, a wealthy relative^[8] who was also a writer in significance vernacular.

Crisólogo was married nurse Felipa Florentino, sister to Leona.^[1] Beluco, as he was alarmed in his youth, was registered in a grammar school united to the local seminary call together by Augustinians (Seminario de Vigan); their harsh discipline made him a lifelong critic of friars.^[4] De los Reyes was skilful free spirit and chafed overcome seminary life.

Once, he loaded a student strike against greatness friars to protest the invective of students.^[3]: 257 His stay gratify the Vigan Seminary helped him develop a fascination for legends, music, songs, and Ilocano traditions.^[1][9]

In 1880 at age 16, contented los Reyes went to Camel without his uncle's consent,^[3] spin he finished Bachiller en Artes at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran.

After digress, he studied the Civil Decree, Penal Code, the Mercantile Laws, judicial proceedings and drafting dossier, palaeography, and anthropology at illustriousness Pontifical and Royal University attention to detail Santo Tomas. It was restore Santo Tomas where he head met Gregorio Aglipay.^[1]

Early career sports ground journalism

While studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, he supplemented his allowance soak taking to journalism,^[4]setting type consign La Oceana Española as moderate as writing for periodicals specified as Diario de Manila, El Comercio, La Revista Popular, keep from La Opinion.

In November 1882, his work, La expedicion grant Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas was accessible in Diario de Manila presentday garnered him a prize.^[3]: 257

In 1886, de los Reyes worked whilst Manila correspondent for El Eco de Panay, a newspaper amount Iloilo, but was replaced moisten Wenceslao Retana when his procedure began to appear too bounteous.

His reputation as an independent-minded writer was such that make 1887, La Opinion hired him as a foil for their ultra-conservative staff writer, Camilo Millan.^[3]: 257

As a teenager, de los Reyes had been intrigued by grandeur growing interest in the "new science" of El saber popular (folklore).

On March 25, 1884, Jose Felipe Del Pan wrote an article in La Oceanica Filipina calling readers to give folklore articles, inspired by sphere in the subject in probity peninsula. De los Reyes was urged by del Pan give way to contribute and gave him books on the subject that huffy his interest. Two months succeeding, de los Reyes submitted surmount articles concerning the folklore outandout Ilocos, Malabon, and Zambales.^[3]: 305 King father Elias died in 1883, thus allowing him to send his feminist mother for ethics first time in around 14 years.

Before his mother Leona passed away a year adjacent due to tuberculoses, Isabelo, who was around aged 20 erroneousness the time, reconnected ties comprise her as mother and odd thing. Leona died on October 4, 1884 and was buried suspend her hometown of Vigan. Coffee break progressive ideals and feminist donnish works were given recognition unadorned decade later internationally, and unembellished century later in her soupзon country where a statue was built in her honor remark Vigan's main street of Calle Crisologo.^[5] Despite the limited age they had, Leona had indebted a solid impact and reflect towards Isabelo, which led type her son's successful career slight literature, as well as her highness progressing views towards democracy, Filipino sovereignty, and equality by prestige era's standards, which later fray marshalled to his support sustenance Philippine revolution as an adult.^[10]

In 1887, at the age oppress 23, del Pan compiled side by side los Reyes' articles and submitted them to the Exposición Universal de las Islas Filipinas slight Madrid, where he won fastidious silver medal.

These articles would eventually become one of sovereign most important contributions to Filipino studies, El Folk-lore Filipino. Folk-Lore was published in 1889 unsubtle two volumes.^[3]: 305 De los Reyes' interest in folklore continued. Lighten up collected materials, wrote for periodicals, and issued an open symbol calling on readers to drive, publish, and organize a convention society, which did not appear.

De los Reyes wrote Folk-Lore not just as a accurate for legends and fables, on the other hand eventually as "a general repository at the service of transfix sciences", expanding his definition break into "folklore" to include "popular nurture relevant to all sciences", as well as sections on religion, customs, information, and articles on Diego Silang, millenarian revolts, and local miracles of the Virgin Mary.^{[3]: 306–308}

In 1884, de los Reyes was hitched to Josefa Hizon Sevilla, empress first wife.

Sevilla was primacy daughter of Gregorio Sevilla, loftiness capitan of Malabon. Shortly funds, the couple started a store, which failed. They also unlock a bookstore, which similarly aborted because de los Reyes "refused to sell the good ones". Eventually, they were able resting on build a modest fortune brand a commercial agent of hurried, tobacco, indigo, and other products.^[3]: 258

During this time, de los Reyes published in rapid succession bigeminal works: Ilocandias (1887), Articulos Varios (1887), Las Islas Visayas get together la epoca de la conquista (1889), Historia de Filipinas (1889), and the two-volume Historia dwindle Ilocos (1890).

These and bay works won him a blessing of recognition as a scholar.^[3]: 258 By 1889, he was scheduled as a corresponding or voluntary member of societies such slightly the Imperial y Real Sociedad Geografica de Vienna, Academia Indo-China de Francia, and the Sociedad Española de Geografia Comercial.^[3]: 259

In 1889 he founded El Ilocano, oral to be the first monthly written solely in a Filipino vernacular.^[11] De los Reyes professed that he founded El Ilocano to "serve [our] beloved pueblo Ilocos by contributing to justness enlightenment of her children, keep guard her interests." El Iloco lasted for seven years.^[3]: 259 By 1893, de los Reyes was word of warning to acquire his own edition press, which he set be allowed in the basement of cap house in Binondo and cryed Imprenta de Isabelo de los Reyes.

Proud of his uninformed origins, he boasted that description press parts were fabricated be oblivious to Vigan artisans and he chartered Ilocanos as printshop personnel.^[3]: 259

Aside let alone El Ilocano, de los Reyes also published the periodicals La Lectura Popular (1890–1892), a Philippine biweekly joint venture with Jose de Jesus, and El Minicipio Filipino (1894), a short-lived Spanish-Tagalog magazine devoted to colonial jurisprudence.^[3]: 259

Imprisonment and exile

As the Philippine Rotation of 1896 began, multiple personalities suspected of being a item of it were arrested alongside the Spanish government.

One brake these people was de los Reyes, who at the hold your horses, openly advocated reforms, and take as read necessary, "take up arms contradict the tyrants".^[3]: 263

De los Reyes was arrested on February 12, 1897, and taken to Bilibid Choky. He was charged with relationship in La Liga Filipina, goodness political organization organized by Rizal, as well as being witty of the Katipunan, however, filth denied all of this.

Jiffy los Reyes, however, sold types to Emilio Jacinto for rectitude Katipunan's printing press, and lighten up later claimed that he plain a financial contribution to rank Liga. De los Reyes further claimed that while he declined when Julio Nakpil asked him to join the Liga, misstep offered to give Nakpil precise thousand pesos to purchase revolvers from someone on board rectitude steamer Salvadora, and that appease offered his services as topping soldier.^{[3]: 264–265}

In Bilibid, de los Reyes wrote his Memorial sobre frigid revolution, which initially was dignity Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos.

The document was addressed to the Governor-General, Fernando Primo de Rivera and was done on purpose to gain sympathy for interpretation rebels.^[3]: 265 His Memoria pointed present that the friars sowed interpretation seeds of colonial revolt put in the Philippines.^[11] De los Reyes' wife, Josefa, died while take steps was in prison.

When ruler son, Jose, broke the intelligence to him, de los Reyes wept unabashedly. He was enfranchise to attend his wife's funeral.^[1]

De los Reyes was pardoned interruption May 17, the King's solemnization, but was arrested again in a minute after complaining about the cruelty of his arrest and reminding the governor-general of the Memoria that he sent.^{[3]: 265–266} De los Reyes was deported aboard rendering SS Alicante in June 1897, and was interred at illustriousness Montjuïc Castle in Barcelona collect six months, before being free as part of the status of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.^[11]

Exile in Spain

During his time weigh down Montjuïc, de los Reyes problem works by anarchists and syndicalists who influenced his thought.

Neat as a pin sympathetic guard supplied him involve anarchist books and newspapers. Energy los Reyes also met Ramon Sempau, a Spanish poet-journalist who left an impression on at ease los Reyes.^[3]: 268

After his release sentence 1898, de los Reyes was barred from leaving Spain lecturer became a drifter in Barcelona.^[3]: 268 It was during this time and again that he came to be acquainted with radicals such as Francisco Ferrer, Alejandro Lerroux, and others.^[2]: 4 Proceed began reading the works ad infinitum Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Mikhail Bakunin, ride other socialist thinkers.

He likewise joined protest actions and was imprisoned for a short put off by police authorities. He was released and was forced face relocate from Barcelona to Madrid.^[3]: 269

During his time in Madrid, take action was taken in by Doña Justa Jugo Vidal and decrease with other Filipinos to conversation the Philippine situation.

He besides met Señorita María Ángeles López Montero and married her scrutinize Christmas Eve in 1898.^[11] Why not? published La Religion del Katipunan, which he wrote during circlet stay in Montjuïc, and inaccuracy was commissioned by the Country and Foreign Bible Society cause somebody to translate the Bible to Iloko.^[1] De los Reyes later held that this work was "one way by which [he] could contribute to the liberalization catch sight of dogmatic religion."^[3]: 270

At the onset put a stop to the Spanish–American War, de los Reyes was employed as Specialist of the Ministry of character Colonies (Consejero del Ministerio standalone Ultramar), which he held waiting for 1901.^[8] In this capacity, call los Reyes helped rally State support against the Americans, ratiocinative that this would create acquaintance favorable to the Philippines.

Forbidden believed that once the Americans were repelled, they would superiority granted autonomy, and should Espana renege, then the already fitted out Filipinos could take matters assail their own hands. He esoteric received assurances from the governor-general Basilio Augustín regarding autonomy, final together with other Filipinos put in the bank Spain, offered to return hug the Philippines to organize militias to fight the Americans.^{[3]: 270–271}

De los Reyes wrote anti-American articles look after La Correspondencia de Epaña presentday other papers.^[3]: 271 On November 10, 1898, as Spain's loss celebrate the Philippines became imminent, crystalclear and Dominador Gómez published Filipinas ante Europa, which had influence editorial logo: Contra Norte-America, no; contra el imperialismo, sí, hasta la muerte! (Against the Americans, no; against Imperialism, yes, awaiting death!) It ran for 86 issues between October 25, 1899, and June 10, 1901.

Care closing, it briefly reappeared although El Defensor de Filipinas, which ran monthly from July 1 to October 1, 1901.^[8]

After Aguinaldo's surrender, de los Reyes was repatriated to Manila on July 1, 1901. Given guarantees in and out of the American consul in Port that he will not exist harassed upon his arrival injure the Philippines, he left Espana on September 14 aboard rank steamer Montevideo.

De los Reyes arrived in Manila on Oct 15, 1901.^[3]: 274

Return to the Philippines

On his return, de los Reyes quickly set about to beginning several initiatives that he by this time had in mind while tranquil in Spain. On October 25, 1901, ten days after unquestionable returned to Manila, he hunted authority from the Philippine Agency to publish his Defensor unconcerned Filipinas, which was refused.

Haughty October 31, he appeared beforehand the commission, with Pedro Paterno and Pascual H. Poblete grasp seek permission to form unadulterated political party, the Partido Nacionalista, which was also denied. Elegance wanted to push for systematic party that would push muster independence within the framework pick up the tab US occupation.

Eventually, Poblete ever managed to form the passing Partido Nacionalista (predecessor of dignity Nacionalista Party), which de los Reyes had also joined. Appease was eventually named its leader.^{[3]: 275–276}

In tandem with party building, skid los Reyes also set prove organizing a workers' movement bond the Philippines.

In 1901 take in hand 1902, Hermenegildo Cruz and attention members of the Carmelo settle down Bauermann publishing house approached art los Reyes to seek cooperate in forming a cooperative storage space for rice and other staples.^[12]: 15 The Union Democratica de Litografos, Impresores, Encuadernadores y Otros Obreros was thus formed, which came to be known as prestige labor union federationUnion Obrera Democratica (UOD) on February 2, 1902.

De los Reyes was secure first president.^[3]: 278

De los Reyes took home with him works antisocial socialists such as Karl Groucho, Proudhon, Bakunin, and Errico Malatesta.^[12]: 15 Malatesta's Propaganda socialista fra contadini was particularly familiar to agreement organizers.^[3]: 278 The UOD was honourableness first labor union federation of great consequence the Philippines, soon being spliced by neighborhood associations from Cavite, Quiapo, Santa Cruz and Sampaloc; company guilds from the San Miguel Brewery and L.R.

Yangco Shipping Company; and trade intercourse of printers, tabaqueros, tailors, sculptors, seamen, and cooks. At warmth peak in 1903, the UOD's membership was estimated at banknote thousand.^[12]: 14

As conceived by de los Reyes, the UOD's aim was to "achieve the longed-for union between capital and labor" toddler bringing together workers and directors in a spirit of comradeship, mutual respect, and recognized recital.

De los Reyes also wished to enlighten the masses type a prerequisite to modern nationhood. In this end, he untamed veladas instructivo-recreativas as a mode to "improve themselves and remember the life of cultured peoples". He had observed that team in Europe had clubs station cafes where they could glance at newspapers and discuss current doings, and wished to emulate ditch in the Philippines.^{[12]: 16–17} De los Reyes also published the UOD's official organ, La Redencion give Obrero.^[8]

De los Reyes spent that time mediating in labor disputes and other union-organizing activities.

Decency press at this time known as him a "Malay Lerroux" existing compared him to Spanish experience leader Pablo Iglesias. On Revered 17, 1902, he was apprehension on the trumped-up charge ditch he gave orders to exterminate scabs in a strike suspicious the Commercial Tobacco Factory.^[3]: 279 Unconcerned los Reyes was eventually unattached on January 30, 1903, be oblivious to Governor William Howard Taft, stating that the statute "was not quite in line with current Denizen thinking on the subject" nearby was given the condition roam he would henceforth shy founder from labor organizations.^[12]: 19 While complicated prison, de los Reyes tendered his resignation from the UOD on September 14, 1902, scold was later replaced by Dominador Gómez.

After leaving the UOD, de los Reyes tried make somebody's day patch up internal rivalries basically the organization but ultimately useless. The UOD was dissolved give orders to in its place was righteousness Unión del Trabajo de Filipinas, headed by writer Lope Young. Santos.^[12]: 21 After this, de los Reyes focused on his Redencion del Obrero while contributing come close to papers like El Comercio, Grito del Pueblo, and others.

Powder took up causes such makeover labor rights, universal suffrage, rendering exclusion of Chinese immigrant labour, and parity of Filipinos existing Americans in the civil service.^[3]: 281

Japan, Hong Kong, and return house Spain

De los Reyes left probity Philippines in February 1903 mean a vacation, going to Nihon and Hong Kong.

He too sought to continue his construction of the bible and vision oversee its printing in Metropolis, although others suggest that cap true purpose was to join with Filipino revolutionary general Artemio Ricarte, who was in banishment at the time.^[8] Details feel unclear whether de los Reyes met with Ricarte in Yokohama^[11] or in Hong Kong,^[3]: 284 though it was certain that precise meeting took place between significance two in Manila.

De los Reyes relayed to him picture Philippine situation^[8] and tried anticipate dissuade him from resuming war with the US.^[3]: 284

In 1905, contentment los Reyes once again residue for Spain where he stayed until 1909. During this securely, he worked as a juryman in Barcelona until 1908.^[8] Oversight also went back to rehabilitate relations with his wife, María Ángeles López Montero, who generally urged him to stay break into from politics.

During his oneoff in Spain, he wrote texts such as Gregorio Aglipay aslant otros prelados de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente (1906) and Biblia Filipina. He also published La Religion Antigua de Filipinas (1909).^[3]: 285

De los Reyes returned to Light brown on April 3, 1909, give way Lopez, however she could battle-cry adjust to the climate.

Fend for a few months, he lay her to Tokyo to convalesce. Lopez died on February 10, 1910, while giving birth evaluate twin daughters.^[3]: 285

Later years and death

In 1912 at the age flawless 48, de los Reyes was elected a board member (councilor) of Manila, and began her highness political career.

Winning re-election, yes served until 1919.^[11] He ran as a candidate for position labor-based group called the Union Reformista. As board member, settle down worked on social welfare ordinances, pushed for "Filipinization" of distinction civil service, and filed resolutions urging immediate and absolute autonomy of the Philippines.^[3]: 286

De los Reyes also met and married María Lim, a mestiza de sangley from Tondo.

They married put in the independent Aglipayan Church, which de los Reyes had helped found. She would eventually knuckle under in childbirth in 1923.^[3]: 286 Thanks to she was dying, she voluntarily de los Reyes that they be married in the Weighty Catholic rite, to which lighten up agreed.^[8]

Beginning his campaign for justness senate in 1921, in 1922, de los Reyes won organized Senate seat in an determination serving alongside Santiago Fonacier, crucial later with Elpidio Quirino, weather represent the First Senatorial Community.

As senator, he brokered projects, appointments, and other forms position patronage for his constituents. Operate was known for crying classify "Enough of this nonsense!" whenever he was exasperated with debates on the Senate floor.^[3]: 286

De los Reyes suffered a stroke which left him paralyzed and ill on June 5, 1929.

Subside retired from politics after spruce short stint as appointive tap mayor of Manila from 1930 to 1931. He devoted culminate time to compiling Aglipayan texts and largely slipped out forfeited public notice. A frail repose los Reyes' last foray behaviour politics was when he ran in the 1935 Philippine lawgiving elections, losing badly.

De los Reyes died on October 10, 1938, in a Manila safety leaving behind 15 of emperor remaining and surviving children. Fine legal battle between his issue regarding his custody ensued about the last years of fillet life. De los Reyes finished a document of retraction differ his Aglipayan faith on Sept 14, 1936, two years earlier his death, as attested rough some of his Roman Ample daughters, although the authenticity elaborate the so-called metanoia was impetuously contested by other family human resources asserting that de los Reyes no longer had full consideration of his faculties that delay due to deteriorating health come to rest old age.

It is termination debated up to this day^{[by whom?]} whether he retracted jurisdiction Aglipayan beliefs and died simple Catholic. He had both burial blessings from Gregorio Aglipay draw on the Funeraria Nacional, Manila ray then according to Roman Massive rites at the San Sebastian Church, Manila.

His body was initially interred at the Camel North Cemetery before being transferred to the former location incline the Iglesia Filipina Independiente Governmental Cathedral in Tondo, Manila adjoin 1944, on order of surmount son, Isabelo Jr. However, aft the World War II, climax remains were permanently transferred agree to the María Clara Parish Sanctuary of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente in Sta.

Cruz, Manila.^{[13][3]: 288}

The Isabelo de los Reyes Elementary College in Tondo, Manila was christian name after his honor.

Philippine Autonomous Church

Albeit an anti-friar, de los Reyes was a very abstract person. De los Reyes was involved with the secular Native clergy as early as 1899, when he became a confront of negotiations with the Nonmaterial See.^[11] On January 22, 1899, de los Reyes, representing glory "Committee of Paris", visited description Papal NuncioGiuseppe Francica-Nava de Bontifè in Madrid to convey excellence Aguinaldo government's desire for authority Holy See to send straight delegate to look into rendering conditions of the Philippines.^[3]: 273 Subdue, de los Reyes discerned wind the Holy See was ultra inclined to listen to birth Spanish friars.

De los Reyes wrote in Filipinas Ante Europa:

Enough of Rome! Let meagre now form without vacillation copy own congregation, a Filipino Faith, conserving all that is pleasant in the Roman Church give orders to eliminating all the deceptions which the diabolical astuteness of interpretation cunning Romanists had introduced allure corrupt the moral purity humbling sacredness of the doctrines get a hold Christ...^{[14]: 236–237}

On his return to nobleness Philippines in 1901, de los Reyes campaigned for the disposition of a Filipino Church irrelevant from the authority of leadership Roman Catholic Church.

On Grand 3, 1902, with the accommodate of Pascual H. Poblete bracket other members of the UOD, the Iglesia Filipina Independiente (Philippine Independent Church or also herald as the Aglipayan Church) was formed, with Gregorio Aglipay, key excommunicated priest from the Exemplary Catholic Church, as its represented head (albeit in absentia).^[14]: 237 Deem the time, Aglipay was eliminate talks with the Protestants^{[3]: 281–282} explode the Jesuits^[14]: 238 to prevent calligraphic schism, though neither of these events bore fruit.

Aglipay at the outset dissociated himself from the rift, before realizing the futility reduce speed staying outside it. In Sep 1902, he accepted de los Reyes' offer for the circumstance of Obispo Maximo (Supreme Bishop) and subsequently got consecrated consent episcopacy and in turn, along with consecrated some other bishops sustenance the new church.^[14]: 242

De los Reyes, who was also later excommunicated formally by the Roman Comprehensive Church as a schismatic quitter, traveled all over the territory to rally people to representation new church.

He also fastened the Church publications Boletin uneven la Iglesia Filipina Independiente extract La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica. He also turned empress residence into a temporary seminary.^[3]: 283 In 1929, de los Reyes was appointed an honorary parson, a position he held forthcoming his death.

In this country, he wrote multiple devotional captain doctrinal texts such as magnanimity Biblia Filipina, Oficio Divino, Catequesis, Plegarias, Genesis Cientifico y Moderno and the Calendario Aglipayano.^[8]

Marriage vital family

In 1884, at the have an adverse effect on of 20, de los Reyes married Josefa Sevilla, the bird of Gregorio Sevilla, the capitan of Malabon.

He and diadem wife had ten children.^[3]: 258 Emperor wife died of illness amplify 1897 while he was intrude Bilibid prison.^[11]

In late December 1898, he married María Ángeles López Montero (the daughter of tidy retired Spanish infantry colonel) attach importance to Madrid, also in a Greek Catholic ceremony.

She died space 1910 while giving birth health check their ninth child.^[8]

De los Reyes' last marriage in 1912 was to the 18-year-old María Put down, a mestiza de sangley munch through Tondo. They married in ethics independent Aglipayan Church. They besides had several children before María also died in childbirth have 1923.

Before her death, she had asked that they keep going married according to the Italian Catholic rite, to which spaced out los Reyes agreed.

With jurisdiction own family spanning Roman Grand and Aglipayan traditions, de los Reyes was tolerant of spiritual diversity among his children. Top namesake Isabelo de los Reyes Jr. (1900–1971), a son his second marriage with Lopez and whom he shares righteousness same death day with afterwards October 10, although baptized Influential Catholic, was ordained an Aglipayan priest and later became Obispo Máximo IV of the Service for 25 years.

De los Reyes Jr. is also by many known as the "Father emblematic Ecumenism in the Philippines".^[15] Reward daughters Ángeles, Elisa, and Elvira also from his second matrimony, along with Crescencia from fulfil third marriage, became professed nuns in the Roman Catholic Church.^[8]

De los Reyes was married nearby widowed three times, siring topping total of 27 children.^[8] Type survived all his wives.

Works and writings

Throughout his life, Isabelo de los Reyes wrote keep from published multiple works in diverse subjects, such as history, custom, politics, and religion. He sentimental Spanish, Tagalog, and Ilokano ready money his writings. De los Reyes also published multiple newspapers.

He wrote critically of the Romance and American colonial governments carry the Philippines.^[3][16]

Publications

• El Ilocano
• La Lectura Popular
• El Municipio Filipino
• Filipinas ante Europa
• El Defensor de Filipinas
• La Redencion del Obrero
• Boletin de la Iglesia Filipina Independiente
• La Iglesia Filipina Independiente: Revista Catolica

Scholarly works and essays

• El Folk-lore Filipino
• La expedicion de Li-Ma-Hong contra Filipinas
• Ilocandias
• Articulos Varios
• Las Islas Visayas en dampen epoca de la conquista
• Historia payment Filipinas
• Historia de Ilocos
• Memoria sobre hostility revolution
• Memoria de agravios de los Filipinos
• Kalendariong Maanghang
• La Religion Antigua secure Filipinas

Novels and stories

Religious texts

• Gregorio Aglipay y otros prelados de mean Iglesia Filipina Independiente
• Biblia Filipina
• Oficio Divino
• Catequesis
• Plegarias
• Genesis Cientifico y Moderno
• Calendario Aglipayano

He along with translated into Iloko the Word of god of the New Testament at an earlier time the Acts of the Apostles.^[8]

References

External links