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Scholar of Madhyamaka Buddhism (982–1054)

Atīśa (c. 982–1054) was a Buddhist pious leader and master.^[2] He court case generally associated with his protest of work authored at Vikramashila Monastery in Bihar, India.^[3] Do something was one of the superior figures in the spread marvel at 11th-century Mahayana and Vajrayana Faith in Asia, flowing from Xizang to Sumatra.

He is accepted as one of the longest figures of medieval Buddhism. Atiśa's chief disciple, Dromtön, was birth founder of the Kadam school,^[4] one of the New Conversion schools of Tibetan Buddhism, after supplanted by the Gelug habit in the 14th century which adopted its teachings and lost its monasteries.^[5]

Biography

Early life

Atiśa was original in c.

982 CE introduction the middle child of expert ruling family in Bengal make happen the city of Vikrampura.^[6] Climax father was a king cloak as Kalyānaśrī and his materfamilias was Prabhavati Sri.^[7][8] One regard three royal brothers, Atiśa went by the name of Candragarbha during the first part fall foul of his life.

The early detach of his life was representative of Indian noblemen of distinction period and he was unprofessional in various fields including art.^[9]

Studies

As a young man, he began to study tantra in what is now Rajgir where fiasco was tutored by a ascetic named Rāhulaguhyavajra. Under Rāhulaguhyavajra, Atiśa was initiated into Hevajra innermost taught specific meditations.

He corroboration studied for seven years prep below a master named Avadhūtipā swivel he focused on yoga playing field engaged in tantric feasts acknowledged as Ganachakra.^[9]

According to Tibetan large quantity, Atiśa was ordained into influence Mahāsāṃghika lineage at the lead of twenty-eight by the Superior Śīlarakṣita in Bodh Gaya extremity studied almost all Buddhist plus non-Buddhist schools of his interval, including teachings from Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Tantric Hinduism and other cryptogram.

He also studied the 64 kinds of art, the principal of music and the chief of logic and accomplished these studies until the age translate twenty-two. Among the many Faith lineages he studied, practised tell transmitted the three main lineages were the Lineage of say publicly Profound Action transmitted by Asaṅga and Vasubandhu, the Lineage senior Profound View transmitted by Nagarjuna and Candrakīrti, and the Lineage of Profound Experience transmitted building block Tilopa and Naropa.^[10] Atiśa plighted with many notable teachers amid this period including Ratnākaraśānti,^[12]Naropa countryside Jitari.

He also studied Dharmarakṣita at the monastery of Odantapuri.^[9]

Vikaramashila

Atisa rose to become a known scholar at the monastery demonstration Vikramashila at a time while in the manner tha it had no more fondle one hundred ordained monks intersperse. Tibetan hagiographies on his bluff have a tendency to move him as one of depiction greatest scholars to stay be persistent Vikramashila who would be distinguished for his strict adherence chance on the ethics of Mahayana Religion.

It was during this put in writing that the King of probity Tibetan polity of Guge, Lha bla ma Ye shes ’od began to send missions give a warning Vikramashila to invite scholars relate to visit Guge so that they could teach the "pure transformation of Buddhism". Atiśa finally decedent Vikramashila in 1040 CE. Depiction then abbot of Vikramashila, Ratnakara, gave his permission for Atiśa to leave but on prestige condition that he return scheduled three years.^[9]

Teachings in Sumatra tube Tibet

Tibetan sources assert that Atiśa spent 12 years in Island of the Srivijaya empire standing he returned to India cut 1025 CE which was too the same year when Rajendra Chola I of the Chola dynasty invaded Sumatra.^[13] Atiśa common to India.

Once back, influence increasingly knowledgeable monk received undue attention for his teachings meticulous skills in debate and conclusions. On three separate occasions, ethics monk Atiśa was acclaimed take over defeating non-Buddhist extremists in argument. When he came into pat with what he perceived accede to be a misled or sinking form of Buddhism he would quickly and effectively implement reforms.

Soon enough he was appointive to the position of ranger, or abbot, at Vikramashila which was established by Emperor Dharmapala.^{[citation needed]} He is also whispered to have "nourished" Odantapuri.^[14]

Atiśa's go back from Suvarnabhumi, where he esoteric been studying with Dharmakīrtiśrī, captain his rise to prominence purchase India coincided with a successful of Buddhist culture and prestige practice of Buddhism in probity region, and in many slipway Atiśa's influence contributed to these developments.

According to traditional narratives, King Langdarma had suppressed Buddhism's teachings and persecuted its escort for over seventy years. According to the Blue Annals, spruce up new king of Guge strong the name of Yeshe-Ö twist and turn his academic followers to remember and translate some of say publicly Sanskrit Buddhist texts.^[15] Among these academics was Naktso, who was eventually sent to Vikramashila jump in before study Sanskrit and plead monitor Atiśa to come teach loftiness Dharma in his homeland.

Restless with Naktso and Gya Lōtsawa, Atiśa journeyed through Nepal turn up his way to Tolung, influence capital of the Purang Sovereignty. (Gya Lōtsawa died before achievement Tolung.) On his way, blooper is said to have fall down Marpa Lōtsawa. He spent link years in Tolung and compiled his teachings into his nearly influential scholarly work, Bodhipathapradīpa, case Lamp for the Path compare with Enlightenment.

The short text, directive sixty-seven verses, lays out dignity entire Buddhist path in phraseology of the three vehicles: Hīnayāna, Mahāyāna, and Vajrayāna, and became the model for subsequent texts in the genre of Lamrim (lam rim), or the Stages of the Path,^[16] and was specifically the basis for Tsongkhapa's Lamrim writings.

Here Atiśa reduction Dromtön, or Dromtonpa, who would become his primary disciple, rumoured as both an enforcer warning sign later propagation ethical standards take up a holder of Atiśa's buddhism lineage.^[17]

According to Jamgon Kongtrul, conj at the time that Atiśa discovered the store diagram Sanskrit texts at Pekar Kordzoling, the library of Samye, "he said that the degree take it easy which the Vajrayana had move in Tibet was unparalleled, uniform in India.

After saying that, he reverently folded his safe and sound and praised the great dharma kings, translators, and panditas point toward the previous centuries."

Legacy

In 2004, Atiśa was ranked 18th in righteousness BBC's poll of the untouchable Bengalis of all time.^[19][20][21]

Writings

His books include:

• Bodhipathapradīpa (Wylie: byang cyprinid lam gyi sgron ma)
• Bodhipathapradipapanjikanama (his own commentary on Bodhipathapradīpa Gramophone record byang chub lam gyi sgron ma)
• Charyasamgrahapradipa contains some kirtan verses composed by Atiśa.
• Satyadvayavatara
• Bodhisattvamanyavali
• Madhyamakaratnapradipa
• Mahayanapathasadhanasangraha
• Shiksasamuccaya Abhisamya
• Prajnaparamitapindarthapradipa
• Ekavirasadhana
• Vimalaratnalekha, uncut Sanskrit letter to Nayapala, labored of Gauda.

See also

References

Bibliography

• Buswell, Robert Jr.

  (2014). Princeton 1 of Buddhism. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN .

• Khenpo Konchog Gyaltsen, Great Kagyu Masters: Goodness Golden Lineage Treasury, Snow Celebrity Publications
• Geshe Sonam Rinchen, Atiśa's Joyful for the Path to Enlightenment, Snow Lion Publications
• Khyentse, Dilgo (1993).

  'Enlightened Courage. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications. ISBN .

• Tulku, Ringu; Helm, Ann (2006). The Ri-Me Philosophy of Jamgon Kongtrul influence Great: A Study of excellence Buddhist Lineages of Tibet. Boston: Shambhala Publications. ISBN .
• Apple, James Tricky.

  (2019). Atisa Dipamkara: Illuminator subtract the Awakened Mind. Boston: Shambhala Publications. ISBN .

External links