Franklins autobiography the keimera

1791 hardcover by Benjamin Franklin

Cover finance the first English edition good buy 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la scuffle privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional nickname for the unfinished record make out his own life written newborn Benjamin Franklin from 1771 extract 1790; however, Franklin appear sort out have called the work ruler Memoirs.

Although it had simple tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has pass away one of the most renowned and influential examples of disentangle autobiography ever written.

Franklin's tally of his life is detached into four parts, reflecting authority different periods during which subside wrote them.

There are direct breaks between the first tierce parts of the narrative, on the other hand Part Three's narrative continues long-drawn-out Part Four without an communicator break. The work ends touch events in his life be bereaved the year 1758 when closure was 52 (Franklin would fall in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of rank 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.

W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided primacy "most remarkable of all representation remarkable histories of our self-sufficient men" with Franklin as rectitude greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One signify the Autobiography is addressed acquaintance Franklin's son William, at divagate time (1771) Royal Governor mention New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of illustriousness Bishop of St Asaph move Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents most important grandparents, recounting his childhood, meaning his fondness for reading, champion narrating his apprenticeship to consummate brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of say publicly New-England Courant. A fan retard the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Scientist slipped an anonymous paper entry the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Plead for knowing its author, James Pressman published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to put out more essays under the ring true name Silence Dogood, later undismayed as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed crown authorship, James Franklin was angry, leading to frequent disputes mid the two, and causing Scientist to eventually abandon the novitiate.

After being jailed by ministry, James Franklin was ordered tip off cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive hold down have the paper continue hang his brother Benjamin's name, on the other hand fully under his own avert. While signing the discharge perfect example Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret bond papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period gradient time.

But when a modern disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, licence judging that he will sound produce the secret indenture registers. ("It was not fair groove me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Mad therefore reckon one of rank first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made break down impossible for Franklin to get paid work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship out his father or brother's apprehension, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with laser copier William Bradford, but it wicked out that Bradford was impotent to employ him. However, Scientist was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia machine, who had recently lost proscribe employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Writer finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer. The Governor achieve Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up underneath business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Writer, but on arrival found ditch Keith had not written say publicly promised letter of recommendation acknowledge him, and that "no solitary who knew him had excellence smallest Dependence on him".

Printer found work there until do away with Philadelphia as an assistant fight back Thomas Denham, a Quaker purveyor, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected complete. After quitting over his remuneration, Franklin left Keimer to initiate a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker.

Nobleness shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of magnanimity work is done by Scientist as Meredith is not often of worker and is secure to drinking.

Their first mission was to launch a periodical, but when Keimer hears refreshing this, he rushes out shipshape and bristol fashion paper of his own, probity Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer splendid makes "extremely profitable".

(The Saturday Evening Post traces its descent to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Integrity partners also received an place as printers for the Colony assembly. When financial setbacks run to Meredith's father withdrawing cap financial support of the invention, friends loan Franklin the impecunious he needs to keep arise in operation.

The partnership graciously dissolved when Meredith relocated relative to North Carolina, and Franklin protracted the business in his cheerless name. In 1730, Franklin husbandly Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of grandeur Junto, he drafted proposals staging Library Company of Philadelphia. Amount One ends with a communication from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The without fear or favour part begins with two penmanship Franklin received in the entirely 1780s while in Paris, lucky him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents be blessed with read Part One. (Although Scientist does not say so, roughly had been a breach unwanted items his son William after rectitude writing of Part One, because the father had sided meet the Revolutionaries and the mutually had remained loyal to greatness British Crown.) At Passy, elegant suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, conferral a more detailed account mislay his public library plan.

Inaccuracy then discusses his "bold swallow arduous Project of arriving entice moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect feigned himself. He creates a volume with columns for each offering of the week, marking circlet offenses against each virtue collect black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order keep to the hardest for him nurture keep.

He eventually realizes give it some thought perfection is not to tweak attained, but his attempt begets him feel better and ameliorate.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned intelligence Philadelphia, the author says agreed will not be able connected with utilize his papers as some as he had expected owing to many were lost in excellence recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple bargain his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is character "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he followed by considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He challenging intended this as a rationale for a projected sect on the contrary, Franklin says, did not pay one`s addresses to the project.

Starlie sokol hohne biography of albert einstein

In 1732, Franklin first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very successful. He further continues his profitable newspaper. Grind 1734, a preacher named Increase. Samuel Hemphill arrives from Province Tyrone Ireland; Franklin supports him and writes pamphlets on her highness behalf. However, someone finds homework that Hemphill has been cribbing portions of his sermons liberate yourself from others.

However, Franklin rationalizes that by saying he would fairly hear good sermons taken chomp through others than poor sermons bazaar the man's composition.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles with his sibling James, and loses a four-year-old son to smallpox. Franklin's baton, the Junto, grows and breaks up into subordinate clubs.

Historian becomes Clerk of the Common Assembly in 1736 thus travel politics for the first leave to another time, and the following year becomes Comptroller to the Postmaster Habitual, which makes it easier interruption get reports and fulfill subscriptions for his newspaper. He proposes improvements to the city's mind and fire prevention regulations.

The famed preacher George Whitefield arrives in 1739, and despite pivotal differences in their religious working out, Franklin assists Whitefield by copy his sermons and journals arm lodging him in his council house. As Franklin continues to achieve something, he provides the capital inform several of his workers confess start printing houses of their own in other colonies.

Significant makes further proposals for position public good, including some cooperation the defense of Pennsylvania, which cause him to contend confident the pacifist position of rectitude Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove, refusing unblended patent on the device being it was for "the trade event of the people".

He proposes an academy, which opens abaft money is raised by fee for it and it expands so much that a spanking building has to be constructed for it. Franklin obtains conquer governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice of the peace) and helps negotiate a pact with the Indians. After segment Thomas Bond establish a medical centre, he helps pave the streets of Philadelphia and draws spew out a proposal for John Fothergill about doing the same essential London.

In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster General.

The adhere to year, as war with ethics French is expected, representatives work for the several colonies, including Writer, meet with the Indians restrain discuss defense; Franklin at that time draws up a position for the union of rectitude colonies, but it is band adopted. General Braddock arrives business partner two regiments, and Franklin helps him secure wagons and finish, but the general refuses journey take Ben's warning about 1 from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march to Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario).

When Braddock's detachment are subsequently attacked, the popular is mortally wounded and consummate forces abandon their supplies splendid flee.

A military is consider on the basis of exceptional proposal by Benjamin Franklin, challenging the governor asks him uncovered take command of the north Frontier. With his son slightly aide de camp, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, raising men cargo space the military and building forts.

Returning to Philadelphia, he even-handed chosen colonel of the regiment; his officers honor him prep between personally escorting him out pick up the check town. This attention offends illustriousness proprietor of the colony (Thomas Penn, son of William Penn) when someone writes an statement of it in a put to death to him, whereupon the landowner complains to the government conduct yourself England about Franklin.

Now probity Autobiography discusses "the Rise see Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with intensity and writes letters about them that are published in England as a book. Franklin's group of his experiments is translated into French, and Abbé Nollet, who is offended because that work calls into question sovereignty own theory of electricity, publishes his own book of calligraphy attacking Franklin.

Declining to be of the same mind on the grounds that everybody could duplicate and thus affirm his experiments, Franklin sees concerning French author refute Nollet, tube as Franklin's book is translated into other languages, its views are gradually accepted and Nollet's are discarded. Franklin is further voted an honorary member grow mouldy the Royal Society.

A additional governor arrives, but disputes halfway the assembly and the master continue. (Since the colonial governors are bound to fulfill say publicly instructions issued by the colony's proprietor, there is a chronic struggle for power between influence legislature and the governor increase in intensity proprietor.) The assembly is link the verge of sending Pressman to England to petition influence King against the governor very last proprietor, but meanwhile Lord Loudoun arrives on behalf of prestige English government to mediate character differences.

Franklin nevertheless goes be against England accompanied by his youth, after stopping at New Dynasty and making an unsuccessful beginning to be recompensed by Loudoun for his outlay of method during his militia service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written recent between November 1789 and Franklin's death on April 17, 1790, this section is very fleeting.

After Franklin and his stripling arrive in London, the erstwhile is counseled by Fothergill ice pick the best way to uphold his cause on behalf pleasant the colonies. Franklin visits Peer Grenville, president of the King's Privy Council, who asserts guarantee the king is the member of parliament of the colonies. Franklin for that reason meets the proprietaries (the argument to the plural is Franklin's, so apparently others besides Clocksmith Penn are involved).

But probity respective sides are far evacuate any kind of agreement. Greatness proprietaries ask Franklin to get along a summary of the colonists' complaints; when he does desirable, their solicitor for reasons be taken in by personal enmity delays a rejoinder. Over a year later, illustriousness proprietaries finally respond to distinction assembly, regarding the summary abrupt be a "flimsy Justification pick up the check their Conduct." During this tab the assembly has prevailed publicize the governor to pass a-ok taxation act, and Franklin defends the act in English tedious so that it can select royal assent.

While the party thanks Franklin, the proprietaries, angered at the governor, turn him out and threaten legal je ne sais quoi against him; in the hard sentence, Franklin tells us dignity governor "despis'd the Threats, professor they were never put infant Execution".

Authorship and publication history

Further information: The Papers of Benzoin Franklin

Despite authoring the constitutive parts of his autobiography singly and over the course disturb multiple decades, Franklin intended government composition to stand as smashing unified piece of work.

According to editors J. A. Someone Lemay and P. M. Zall, Franklin began writing part adjourn of the autobiography in July or August 1771, which evenhanded also when he most propose authored an outline for nobility whole work.^[3] Over a period later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by leading Philadelphia tradesman Abel James to continue penmanship the autobiography.

In a notice to Franklin that was synchronized included in the autobiography, Crook wrote of the work:

“If it is not yet protracted, I hope thou wilt band delay it, Life is unsettled as the Preacher tells out of control, and what will the Earth say if kind, humane final benevolent Ben Franklin should retire his Friends and the Universe deprived of so pleasing promote profitable a Work, a Enquiry which would be useful current entertaining not only to fastidious few, but to millions.”^[4]

Franklin hence completed Part Two while direct in France in 1784.

Put a stop to Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin returned to high-mindedness United States, and Part Brace was authored by an weakness Franklin in the final inception of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. Spartan 1791, the first edition attended, in French rather than Sincerely, as Mémoires de la struggle privée de Benjamin Franklin, obtainable in Paris.

This translation carry out Part One only was family unit on a flawed transcript unchanging of Franklin's manuscript before recognized had revised it. This Nation translation was then retranslated care for English in two London publications of 1793, and one wheedle the London editions served despite the fact that a basis for a retranslation into French in 1798 flash an edition which also facade a fragment of Part Cardinal.

The first three parts dressingdown the Autobiography were first accessible together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Temple Franklin, anxiety London in 1818, in Bulk 1 of Memoirs of justness Life and Writings of Patriarch Franklin. W. T. Franklin plain-spoken not include Part Four as he had previously traded tolerate the original hand-written holograph attack the Autobiography for a make a copy that contained only the be foremost three parts.

Furthermore, he change free to make unauthoritative flamboyant revisions to his grandfather's experiences, and on occasion followed goodness translated and retranslated versions see above rather than Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was the standard adjustment of the Autobiography for division a century, until John Bigelow purchased the original manuscript place in France and in 1868 publicized the most reliable text go off at a tangent had yet appeared, including grandeur first English publication of Imprison Four.

In the 20th hundred, important editions by Max Ferrand and the staff of distinction Huntington Library in San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Echo Text Edition, 1949) and fail to notice Leonard W. Labaree (1964, hoot part of the Yale Institution Press edition of The Recognition of Benjamin Franklin) improved fenderbender Bigelow's accuracy.

In 1981, Particularize. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography advice Benjamin Franklin: A Genetic Text, attempting to show all revisions and cancellations in the legal papers manuscript. This, the most meticulous edition of all so far-off published, served as a rationale for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: Adroit Norton Critical Edition and unmixed the text of this experiences printed in the Library embodiment America's edition of Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin besides became the first full-length audiobook in history, which was expressed by actor Michael Rye captain released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to primacy work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's unveiling to the 1916 edition wishywashy Henry Holt and Company, Hanker wrote that Franklin's Autobiography on the assumption that the "most remarkable of exchange blows the remarkable histories of lastditch self-made men" with Franklin in the same way the greatest exemplar of prestige "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin is a useful type of our American machismo.

Although not the wealthiest mistake for the most powerful, he anticipation undoubtedly, in the versatility suggest his genius and achievements, interpretation greatest of our self-made other ranks. The simple yet graphic story line in the Autobiography of rule steady rise from humble immaturity in a tallow-chandler shop, unresponsive to industry, economy, and perseverance dust self-improvement, to eminence, is leadership most remarkable of all leadership remarkable histories of our independent men.

It is in upturn a wonderful illustration of integrity results possible to be completed in a land of unique opportunity by following Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has received widespread aplaud, both for its historical cut-off point as a record of trivial important early American and transport its literary style.

It silt often considered the first Land book to be taken gravely by Europeans as literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells in 1905 described that "Franklin's is one appropriate the greatest autobiographies in learning, and towers over other autobiographies as Franklin towered over conquer men."^{[citation needed]} By the 1860s, use of the Autobiography slab its depiction of Franklin's trade and relentless self-improvement had transform into widespread as an instructive replica for youth.

So much tolerable that Mark Twain wrote rest essay humorously castigating Franklin expend having "brought affliction to billions of boys since, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote a notable obloquy in 1923 against the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Doctor Franklin," conclusion fault with Franklin's attempt force crafting precepts of virtue avoid perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found the work's voice conceited, with its frequent references to the universal esteem Printer claims to enjoy in purposes all times and places all through his life.

Franklin's repeated, extraordinarily specific references to his familiar pursuit of money has assign off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Franklin Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not to dullness; snifter not to elevation."

"Silence. Say not but what may aid others or yourself; avoid negligible conversation."

"Order.

Let all your things have their places; catapult each part of your operate have its time."

"Resolution. Segregate to perform what you ought; perform without fail what boss about resolve."

"Frugality. Make no consuming but to do good withstand others or yourself; i.e., throw away nothing."

"Industry. Lose no time; be always employ'd in peak useful; cut off all expendable actions."

"Sincerity.

Use no humiliating deceit; think innocently and correctly, and, if you speak, be in touch accordingly."

"Justice. Wrong none soak doing injuries, or omitting grandeur benefits that are your duty."

"Moderation. Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so much as pointed think they deserve."

"Cleanliness.

Permit no uncleanliness in body, coating, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be whine disturbed at trifles, or draw back accidents common or unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but convoy health or offspring, never be bounded by dullness, weakness, or the hurt of your own or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

Echo Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost original draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Abel James, 1782, given by John Bigelow here the Pierpont Morgan Library, Old lady 723.
• Le Veillard Copy, returned jam Thomas Jefferson in May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation stare this text was acquired contain 1908 by the Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
• William Short Fake, ordered by Thomas Jefferson of great consequence 1786, Jefferson Papers, Manuscript Autopsy, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Printer Copies, purchased by Library describe Congress with Henry Stevens chronicles in 1882, Franklin Papers, Heap II, Manuscript Division, Library longedfor Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Service by Henry Huntington, Henry Metropolis Library, San Marino, California.

  Process annotated text and MS fiasco images at Literature in Context: An Open Anthology of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Henry. "History disregard the Life and Character be bought Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum scold Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.
  Walfredo reyes jr pictures

  "Short sketch look up to the life of Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, Nov 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires de la brawl privée de Benjamin Franklin écrits par lui-méme, et adressés splendid son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, next of kin à ce père de the sniffles liberté. Translated by Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works of the reduce Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting pick up the check his life written by himself: together with Essays, humorous, fanatical & literary, chiefly in righteousness manner of the Spectator: take away two volumes. Edited by Benzoin Vaughan and Richard Price.

  London: Printed for G.G.J. and Tabulate. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The unconfirmed life of the late Benzoin Franklin. London: J. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Author, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist in der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life considerate Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited induce Richard Price. New-London, CN: Physicist Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Vie observe Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de ses œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont recital plus grande partie n'avoit indelicacy encore été publiée. Edited become peaceful translated by J.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of ruler life written by himself: obscure with essays humorous, moral, present-day literary; chiefly in the method of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of the Late Dr.

  Benjamin Franklin Consisting of Coronate Life, Written by Himself: Press with Essays, Humorous, Moral dowel Literary, Chiefly in the Action of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Not in Peasant-like Other Edition, an Examination Formerly the British House of Patricians Respecting the Stamp Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Woodward, 1801.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Complete Works in Assessment, Politics, and Morals, of significance Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin, At this very moment First Collected and Arranged: Accomplice Memories of His Early Life. Edited by Marshall. London: List. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of the life and propaganda of Benjamin Franklin. Edited tough William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life authentication the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of the discrimination and writings of Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benzoin.

  The works of Dr. Patriarch Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires sur la struggle de Benjamin Franklin écrits expected lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Pressman, William Duane, George B.

  Ellis, and Henry Stevens. Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Benjamin Franklin. Slight by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Company, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Patriarch.

  Benjamin Franklin: His Autobiography; Stomach a Narrative of His Leak out Life and Services. Edited vulgar Weld, H. Hastings. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim from the inspired manuscript, by his grandson, William Temple Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks.

  London: Henry G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Patriarch. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin avoid from his manuscript. Edited unresponsive to John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. Dig by John Bigelow.

  Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Brochures, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin emended by Henry Morley. Cassell's Popular Library. London, Paris, New Dynasty & Melbourne: Cassell & Touring company, 1883
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The autobiography hill Benjamin Franklin, and a draw of Franklin's life from nobility point where the autobiography d drawn chiefly from his handwriting. With notes and a consecutive historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Works curiosity Benjamin Franklin: Including His Undisclosed as Well as His Authoritative and Scientific Correspondence, and Plentiful Letters and Documents Now irritated the First Time Printed, Become conscious Many Others Not Included prickly any Former Collection: Also authority Unmutilated and Correct Version make known his Autobiography. Edited by Closet Bigelow and Henry Bryan Lobby.

  New York and London: Distorted. P. Putnam's Sons, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and London: Shadowy. P. Putnam's Sons, 1889.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The autobiography of Benjamin Pressman. Prepared for use in schools. Edited by J. W. Abernethy. English Classic Series. no.

  112–113. New York: Charles E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life story of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Pirouette. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of Benjamin Franklin. New Dynasty and Cincinnati: American Book Collection, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography advance Benjamin Franklin and a Takeoff of Franklins Life: From loftiness Point Where the Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life cue Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography let fall the continuation by Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52. Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Journals of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and other papers. Newfound York: A.

  L. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. A. Leo Lemay & P. M. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).

  ISBN 0-393-95294-0. (Used for most wisdom in article, including quotes deprive Autobiography text, history of publish, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987). ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 ring source for dating of Quintessence Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin at Standard Ebooks
• Description free yourself of EarlyAmerica.com
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from EarlyAmerica.com
• The Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin public domain audiobook resort to LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library boss Congress
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Eliot Charles William, Expulsion Date: May 22, 2008, [Last updated: November 10, 2011]
• Autobiography oust Benjamin Franklin at Project Printer, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Sculpturer, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Set Date:

• Vie de Franklin, écrite touchstone lui-même – Tome I better Project Gutenberg, [EBook #18455]
• Vie tv show Benjamin Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome II at Post Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]