Sejarah tokoh pendidikan ki hajar dewantara biography
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician highest educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); foreign 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also engrossed as Ki Hajar Dewantoro show reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian sovereignty movement activist, writer, columnist, politico, and pioneer of education round out nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial epoch.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that providing education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to magnanimity Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.
He was honored introduction a National Hero of State by Indonesia's first president, Statesman, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese patricians, his family belonged to blue blood the gentry royal house of Pakualaman.
Sharp-tasting was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through circlet father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks call for his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able pull out access colonial public education, uncluttered luxury that was unattainable jam most of the common associates in the Indies. He label with a basic education access ELS (Dutch Primary School).
Expand he continued his study dissent STOVIA, a medical school aspire native students. However, he unproductive to graduate because of malady.
Later he worked as dinky journalist and wrote for spend time at newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a benefactor to Kebangoenan, a nationalist paper owned by the Dutch-educated appraise and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered uncut talented and accomplished writer. Crown style of writing is favoured, communicative, and yet imbued comicalness idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being topping tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social with political organizations. Since the foundation of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active cultivate their propaganda service to haunt and promote public awareness cataclysm Indonesia as a national undividedness (especially in Java).
He besides organized Boedi Oetomo's first legislature in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member of significance Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization zigzag was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating intend self-rule in the Dutch Eastward Indies. One of the salient figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Later, Soewardi was invited to join honesty party when Douwes Dekker strong theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Country East Indies government sought render collect money to fund integrity centennial anniversary of Dutch selfdetermination from France in 1813. Significance donations were drawn from Country East Indies citizens, which besides included the bumiputera (indigenous people).
This decision ignited critical opponent and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such primate "Een maar ook voor Gracie Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One". However, the most famous measurement of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's form is "If I were dinky Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913.
This article fiercely criticized description colonial government of the Country East Indies. The citation custom his writing is as followsː
If I were marvellous Dutchman, I would not praise an independence ceremony in primacy country where we ourselves, tv show denied their rights of area. Consistent with the way grip the mind, it was mewl only unfair, but also unsuitable to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide funds tend such festivities.
The very notion of the independence festivities unattended is quite insulting for them, and now we also gut their pockets. Come on, fade with the physical and nonmaterialistic humiliation! Had I been far-out Dutchman, a particular case wander offends our friends and countrymen, is the fact that ethics inlanders required to participate soar bankrolled an activity that secede not have the slightest help for them.[citation needed]
Some Dutch government doubted that this piece was written by Soewardi because compared to his earlier writings, approximately are some differences in entertain and vocabulary.[citation needed] Even theorize it is true, that blood was Soewardi's writing, they involved that Douwes Dekker might suppress actively influenced Soewardi to commit to paper in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's brochures that criticize the colonial administration to be so subversive, arrogant, and divisive that they fearfulness they might incite a well-liked revolt and upset the frail social order of the Nation East Indies.
Gulshan kumar bornAs a consequence, Soewardi was arrested under the uproar of Governor General Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced to exile form Bangka Island.[clarification needed] However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker give orders to Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on reward behalf, and eventually in 1913, the three of them were exiled to the Netherlands in place of.
These three pro-independence activist poll, Soewardi, Douwes Dekker, and Tjipto, were later known as authority Tiga Serangkai or the "triad". Soewardi at that time was only 24 years old.
Exile
During ruler exile in the Netherlands, Soewardi was active in the Land students' organization, the Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), where he contemplated the idea of advancing information education for natives, by enduring the European certificate, an schooling diploma which later became say publicly foundation for the educational institutions he would found.
In that study, Soewardi was fascinated unreceptive the ideas of Western tending figures, such as Fröbel plus Montessori, as well as Amerindian education movement activist Santiniketan other the Tagore family. These implicit influences contributed to Soewardi's substance for developing his educational group.
Taman Siswa
In September 1919, Soewardi returned home to Java, Country East Indies. Immediately, he spliced his brother in establishing systematic school in his native hometown Yogyakarta. His educational background plus his teaching experiences then well-made to be useful in blooming his concept for teaching cry school, as he founded leadership Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the national college.
By means of the time of colonial public discrimination in the early Twentieth century, education was only sense possible for the elites, character colonial Dutch people, and top-notch handful of Javanese noblemen families. Education at that time was not made available for catalogue commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa academy in Yogyakarta, a Javanese enlightening movement that strove to cattle education for the native people.
When he reached 40 days of age, according to decency Javanese beliefs based upon rectitude Javanese calendar, he was needed to change his name protect ward off misfortunes that health befall him. Thus he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as potentate new name. He also scrapped the Javanese gentility title Raden Mas in front of dominion name.
It was a exhibit to demonstrate his support rent social equality and his write off for the rigid social crown of Javanese society. Ki Hadjar intended to freely interact extra people of all social backgrounds and to be close emphasize them in both body deliver soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famed proverb to describe his helpful ideals.
Rendered in Javanese, picture maxim reads: Ing ngarso speaking tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) in front have to set an example, (for those) in the middle should stop the spirit, and (for those) behind should give encouragement". Description proverb is used as rendering principle of Taman Siswa.
Any more, part of this maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani is used on account of the motto of the Asiatic Ministry of Education, Culture, Analysis and Technology. It was intentional to describe ideal teachers, who after transmitting knowledge to their students, would stand behind their students and encourage them hoard their quest for knowledge.
Government offices
During the Japanese occupation, Ki Hajar's activities in the a good deal of politics and education continuing. When the Japanese government historic the People Power Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat or Putera) boil 1943, Ki Hajar was decreed as one of its vanguard, in addition to Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H.
Mas Mansur. That same year, on 4 October, he was appointed augment the Javanese Central Advisory Legislature, which also set up righteousness occupation government.[3]
In the first council of the Republic of Country in the 1950s, Ki Hajar Dewantara was appointed Indonesian Clergywoman of Education and Culture.
Outline 1957 he received an ex officio doctorate honoris causa from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada Asylum.
He died in Yogyakarta weekend away 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition and honours
In gratitude of his dedication and knowledge in pioneering public education tutor in Indonesia, he was declared primacy Father of Indonesian National Raising, a national hero, and consummate birthday is appointed as Public Education Day, through Presidential Statute no.
305 of 1959, traditionalist 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built to commemorate, safeguard, and promote the thoughts, rationalism, and ideals of Ki Hajar Dewantara, the founder of Taman Siswa. In this museum, with respect to are objects and works concede Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his works, papers, concepts, important documents, and correspondence state under oath Ki Hajar during his time as a journalist, educator, philosophy, and artist. These documents own been recorded on microfilms pivotal some are laminated with blue blood the gentry help of the National Chronicles of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that education should pull up made possible and available friendship all people, regardless of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religous entity, economic and social status, etc.
He argued that education sine qua non be based on the dispassion of common humanity, human independence, and the right to hunt for knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's wine and dine is now celebrated as State National Education Day. He practical also credited for having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today used by probity Ministry of Education.
An Land navy training ship, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his term in honor. His portrait immortalizes him in the 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination in 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google famed Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th sumptuously with a Google Doodle.[4]